Glutathione

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide produced in every cell. The body's primary intracellular antioxidant and a key player in phase II detoxification.

Mechanism — Donates an electron to neutralize ROS; the resulting oxidized form (GSSG) is regenerated by glutathione reductase. Conjugates xenobiotics for excretion. Mitochondrial glutathione is the protective pool against ROS leak.

Use case — Support via NAC (cysteine precursor — the rate-limiting amino acid), glycine, sulforaphane (induces synthesis), and direct liposomal glutathione. Whey protein is glycine and cysteine rich.

Caveats — Standard oral glutathione has poor bioavailability — liposomal or S-acetyl forms much better. Single supplements rarely move the needle long-term — building the substrate pool (NAC + glycine) is the durable strategy.