Silymarin is the active flavonoid complex from milk thistle seeds, dominated by silibinin.
Mechanism — Stabilizes hepatocyte membranes, scavenges ROS, modulates inflammatory signaling in the liver, and supports glutathione regeneration. Best evidence in chronic liver inflammation and Amanita mushroom poisoning (rescue therapy).
Use case — Fatty liver, drinking-related liver stress, chronic medication burden, post-illness recovery. Typical 200-400 mg silymarin (standardized) 1-2x/day with meals.
Caveats — Bioavailability is poor without phytosome or other delivery enhancement. Silymarin-phosphatidylcholine complex (Siliphos) is the better form. Mild estrogenic effect in vitro; conservative use in hormone-sensitive conditions.