Neuroplasticity is the brain's capacity to form new neural connections and reorganize existing ones in response to experience, learning, and injury.
Mechanism: At the synaptic level (LTP/LTD), the structural level (dendritic growth), and the systems level (cortical remapping). BDNF is a key mediator. Exercise, novel learning, sleep, and specific compounds (Lion's Mane, modafinil) support it.
Use case: Take on hard new skills. Language, instrument, motor pattern. As a deliberate practice. The brain's plasticity remains throughout life if challenged.
Caveats: Passive consumption (TV, scrolling) doesn't drive plasticity. The challenge has to be effortful.