Every term, indexed.
The full SYSTEMM glossary: compounds, hormones, supplements, lifestyle Rx, training, and the metabolic and longevity concepts that tie them together. Sorted alphabetically. Use the letter row below to jump.
Acarbose
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Slows carbohydrate absorption; flattens glucose spikes.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)
Acetylated carnitine. Crosses the blood-brain barrier for mitochondrial and cognitive support.
Active Recovery
Low-intensity work between hard sessions to clear metabolites and accelerate the return to baseline.
Adaptogen
Plant compounds that modulate the stress response. Not a single drug; a category.
Adiponectin
The 'good' adipokine. Higher levels associated with insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammatory state, and longevity.
AGEs (Advanced Glycation End Products)
Sugar-protein cross-link byproducts. Accumulate with age, drive stiffness in tissue, and accelerate cardiovascular decline.
Aldosterone
The mineralocorticoid. Regulates sodium, potassium, and blood pressure.
Allostatic Load
Cumulative wear-and-tear from chronic stress response. The integrated cost of unresolved demand.
Alpha-GPC
Bioavailable choline source. Acetylcholine precursor for cognition and muscle output.
AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone)
Ovarian reserve marker in women. In men, a marker of Sertoli cell function.
AMRAP
As many reps (or rounds) as possible. A conditioning and capacity protocol.
Anaerobic Threshold
The intensity at which anaerobic energy production dominates. The upper edge of sustainable steady-state.
Anastrozole
Selective aromatase inhibitor. Used on TRT to manage estrogen conversion.
Anti-Inflammatory
A protocol or compound that lowers systemic inflammation. The most modifiable longevity lever.
AOD-9604
Modified GH fragment. Stimulates lipolysis without affecting glucose or IGF-1.
Apigenin
Flavonoid from chamomile. Mild GABAergic, popularized for sleep.
ApoB
Apolipoprotein B. The single most informative cardiovascular lipid marker. Counts atherogenic particles directly.
ARA-290 (Cibinetide)
Erythropoietin-derived 11-mer. Targets the innate repair receptor for neuropathy and tissue protection without raising hematocrit.
Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-3)
Topical SNAP-25 modulator. The 'Botox in a bottle' claim. Modest but measurable.
Ashwagandha
Adaptogen with measurable cortisol-lowering effects. Best clinical data of any 'stress herb.'
Atorvastatin
Lipophilic statin (Lipitor). The most-prescribed cardiovascular drug. Lowers LDL-C and ApoB.
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate. The cellular energy currency. Every effortful thing you do is paid for in ATP.
Autophagy
The cell's self-cleaning process. Recycles damaged components into raw materials.
Autoregulation
Adjusting training intensity and volume daily based on readiness.
Bacopa Monnieri
Memory and learning herb with multi-week onset. Slow but real.
Balance Training
Proprioception and stability work. The neural reserve that decouples falls from age.
Berberine
Plant alkaloid often called 'nature's metformin.' Real glucose-lowering effects.
Beta-Alanine
Carnosine precursor. Buffers acid for the 1-4 minute training window.
Biological Age
An estimate of physiological age, distinct from chronological age. The objective of longevity practice.
Block Periodization
Concentrated training blocks focused on a single quality at a time. Modern alternative to traditional linear periodization.
Blood Flow
The transport system. Delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and signaling molecules to every tissue.
Bone Mineral Density
The mass per unit volume of bone tissue. Determines fracture risk; declines without resistance.
Boron
Trace mineral with outsized hormonal effects.
Boswellia (Boswellic Acids)
Frankincense extract. 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor for inflammatory joint and gut pain.
BPC-157
Pentadecapeptide. Recovery and tissue repair. Often paired with TB-500.
Breathwork
Deliberate breathing patterns to shift physiology. The fastest lever into the autonomic nervous system.
Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT)
Thermogenic fat. Burns calories to produce heat. Activated by cold exposure.
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Atypical antidepressant. Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
The default inflammation lab marker. Cardiovascular risk signal in plain blood.
Cagrilintide
Long-acting amylin analog. Slows gastric emptying, increases satiety. Often paired with semaglutide as CagriSema.
Calcium-D-Glucarate
Beta-glucuronidase inhibitor. Supports phase II liver detox of estrogen and toxins.
Cellular Senescence
Cells stop dividing but don't die. Accumulate with age and drive inflammaging via the SASP.
Cerebral Blood Flow
Brain perfusion. Declines with age and dysfunction; supports cognitive performance and dementia risk.
Cerebrolysin
Porcine brain-derived peptide complex. Neurotrophic factor mimetic with the strongest stroke-recovery data of any peptide.
CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitor)
Wearable glucose sensor. The most informative biofeedback device for metabolic health.
Chromium Picolinate
Trace mineral with modest insulin-sensitizing effect. Useful in insulin-resistance protocols at adequate doses.
Chronotype
Your genetically influenced sleep-wake preference. The mismatch with schedule drives social jet lag and metabolic strain.
Circadian Rhythm
The body's 24-hour internal clock. Hormones, metabolism, mood, and cognition all run on it.
Citicoline (CDP-Choline)
Choline + cytidine. Acetylcholine and uridine support for cognition.
CJC-1295
GHRH analog. Increases GH and IGF-1. Available with or without DAC.
Clomiphene (Clomid)
SERM that boosts endogenous testosterone via the HPG axis. Alternative to direct TRT in younger men.
Cluster Sets
Sets broken into mini-sets with short intra-set rest. More total volume at the same intensity.
Cognitive Health
The integrated state of attention, memory, executive function, and processing speed.
Cognitive Reserve
The brain's structural and functional buffer against decline. Built through education, challenge, and complexity.
Cold Plunge
Brief immersion in cold water. Hormetic stress for recovery, dopamine, and mitochondrial function.
Collagen Peptides
Hydrolyzed collagen. Amino acid blend rich in glycine, proline, hydroxyproline — connective tissue and skin support.
Cooper Test
12-minute run for distance. A field test for estimating VO2 max without lab equipment.
CoQ10 (Ubiquinol)
Mitochondrial electron transport cofactor. Critical if on a statin.
Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CAC)
Cardiac CT-based score. The single best non-invasive marker of established coronary atherosclerosis.
Cortisol
The primary stress glucocorticoid. Diurnal rhythm matters more than total amount.
Creatine Monohydrate
The most-studied supplement in sports nutrition. Strength, power, and brain function.
Curcumin (with Piperine)
Active compound in turmeric. Multi-pathway anti-inflammatory.
Deep Sleep
Slow-wave sleep. Where physical recovery, memory consolidation, and glymphatic clearance happen.
Deload
Reduced-volume or intensity week. Allows accumulated fatigue to dissipate.
DEXA
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Gold standard for body composition.
DHEA
Adrenal androgen precursor. Declines steeply with age; relevant to mood, libido, and metabolic markers.
DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)
The potent androgen converted from testosterone by 5-alpha-reductase. Drives hair loss, prostate growth, and sexual function.
Dihexa
Angiotensin IV-derived hexapeptide. Potent HGF mimetic — orders of magnitude more synaptogenic than BDNF in animal studies.
DIM (Diindolylmethane)
Cruciferous vegetable extract. Estrogen metabolism support.
DNA Methylation
Chemical tags on DNA that regulate gene expression. The substrate of epigenetic aging clocks.
DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
24-72 hour post-training muscle soreness. A marker of unfamiliar stimulus, not training quality.
Dopamine
Reward and motivation neurotransmitter. Not pleasure itself; the signal to pursue.
DSIP
Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide. Modulates sleep architecture, particularly deep sleep.
Dutasteride
Dual 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. Stronger DHT suppression than finasteride; longer half-life.
Dynamic Stretching
Active movement through range. The pre-training prep that static stretching is not.
Eccentric Load
The lowering phase of a repetition. Where hypertrophy and tendon adaptation actually happen.
Electrolytes
Sodium, potassium, magnesium. The primary protocol against modern dehydration.
EMOM
Every Minute On the Minute. A density and pacing protocol with built-in rest.
Enclomiphene
The trans isomer of clomiphene. Pure HPG-axis activator without zuclomiphene's mood side effects.
Endorphins
Endogenous opioid peptides. The body's own pain modulators and reward chemicals.
Endothelial Function
The lining of blood vessels. Its capacity to vasodilate is the earliest reversible CV warning.
Epigenetics
How DNA expression changes without changing the underlying sequence. The control layer.
Epitalon
Tetrapeptide. Telomerase activity and pineal regulation.
Estradiol (E2)
The dominant estrogen in pre-menopausal women, and a critical hormone in men too.
Estrone (E1)
The dominant estrogen after menopause. Produced in adipose tissue from androgen precursors.
Ezetimibe
Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Add-on to statins for further LDL reduction.
Fadogia Agrestis
African herb popularized for testosterone support. Less data than Tongkat. Proceed with skepticism.
Fascia
The body's connective-tissue net. Affects movement quality, recovery, and pain in ways isolated-muscle thinking misses.
Fast Twitch Muscle
Type II fibers. Power, speed, sprinting. The first thing sarcopenia takes.
Ferritin
The iron storage protein. Both an iron-status marker and an acute-phase inflammation marker — context required.
Finasteride
5α-reductase inhibitor. Hair preservation in men.
Flow State
The 'in the zone' state. Full absorption in a challenging task, with time perception altered.
FOXO4-DRI
Senolytic peptide. Forces apoptosis in senescent cells by disrupting FOXO4-p53 binding.
Free T3 (Triiodothyronine)
The active thyroid hormone. The one your cells actually use.
Free T4 (Thyroxine)
The pro-hormone form. Thyroid output, before peripheral conversion.
FTP (Functional Threshold Power)
Cycling's working-definition of lactate threshold. The watts you can hold for 60 minutes.
Functional Strength
Strength that transfers to life. Carrying, pulling, hinging, lifting overhead.
GABA
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. Why benzos, alcohol, and sleep aids work.
GHK-Cu
Copper peptide. Skin quality, hair growth, anti-aging.
GHRP-2
Growth hormone releasing peptide. Strong GH pulse with mild cortisol and prolactin elevation.
GHRP-6
The original ghrelin mimetic. Strong GH pulse plus pronounced appetite stimulation.
Glucagon
Insulin's counter-regulatory hormone. Drives hepatic glucose output and fat oxidation.
Glucose Sink
Muscle's role in clearing blood glucose. The biggest single reason resistance training is longevity work.
Glutamine
Conditionally essential amino acid. Gut barrier and immune fuel, particularly during stress and recovery.
Glutathione
The master endogenous antioxidant. Tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine.
Glycation
The non-enzymatic reaction of sugars with proteins. The upstream process that creates AGEs.
Glycemic Load
Glycemic index × carb amount. The honest metric for blood-sugar impact of a meal.
Glycine
Cheap amino acid with measurable sleep-quality and core-temperature effects.
Glymphatic System
The brain's overnight cleanup network. CSF-mediated waste clearance that runs primarily during deep sleep.
Grip Strength
The single best one-metric predictor of all-cause mortality. Free to measure.
HbA1c
Glycated hemoglobin. Three-month average of blood glucose — the standard glycemic-control metric.
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
Pregnancy hormone that mimics LH. Maintains testicular function on TRT and supports fertility.
Healthspan
Years of healthy, functional living. The metric that should replace lifespan.
Heart Health
The cardiovascular system's reserve capacity. The single biggest determinant of all-cause mortality.
Heat Shock Protein (HSP)
Stress-response chaperones. Protect protein folding under thermal, hypoxic, or oxidative challenge.
Hexarelin
Potent GHRP. Notable for cardioprotective effects beyond GH release.
HIIT
High-intensity interval training. Repeated bouts above lactate threshold.
Hip Hinge
The fundamental movement pattern of folding at the hips. The foundation of deadlift, RDL, and posterior-chain training.
HMB (Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate)
Leucine metabolite. Modest anti-catabolic effect; useful in elderly and bedrest contexts.
Homocysteine
Sulfur amino acid in the methylation cycle. Elevated levels mark methylation dysfunction and cardiovascular risk.
Hormesis
Beneficial adaptation from low-dose stress. The mechanism behind exercise, cold, heat, fasting, and most longevity interventions.
HRV
Heart rate variability. Higher HRV indicates greater parasympathetic tone.
Humanin
Mitochondrial-derived peptide. Cytoprotection and the metabolic-aging axis.
Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBOT)
Pressurized oxygen therapy. Approved indications plus emerging off-label longevity protocols.
Hypertrophy
Increase in muscle cross-sectional area. The goal of physique training.
IGF-1
The 'active' form of growth hormone signaling. Better lab marker than GH itself.
IGF-1 LR3
Long-arginine-3 IGF-1 analog. ~3x half-life and reduced IGFBP binding versus native IGF-1.
Inflammaging
Chronic low-grade inflammation that accumulates with age. The integrated driver of most age-related disease.
Inflammation
The body's response to threat. Acute is healing; chronic is destruction.
Inositol (Myo-Inositol)
Sugar alcohol with insulin-signaling effects. The strongest non-prescription PCOS intervention.
Insulin
The anabolic master switch and the most-measured signal of metabolic health.
Insulin Resistance
Cells stop responding to insulin. The root state behind most metabolic disease.
Insulin Sensitivity
The opposite of resistance. Cells respond well to small insulin signals.
Intermittent Fasting
Time-restricted eating. Less about the fast itself, more about meal timing and the eating window.
Ipamorelin
GH secretagogue. Pulsatile GH release without cortisol or prolactin elevation.
Iron Bisglycinate
Chelated iron with markedly better tolerance than ferrous sulfate. The form to choose if you need iron.
Ketamine
NMDA receptor antagonist. Rapid-acting antidepressant at sub-anesthetic doses.
Ketosis
A metabolic state where the body runs primarily on ketones instead of glucose.
Kinetic Chain
Coordinated force transmission across joints. Why a strong glute fixes a 'bad' shoulder.
Kisspeptin-10
Upstream hypothalamic peptide that drives the entire HPG axis. Triggers LH/FSH release like a natural LH-surge.
KPV
Tripeptide. Anti-inflammatory action via NF-kB pathway.
L-Citrulline
Arginine precursor. Better than direct arginine for nitric-oxide-driven blood flow.
L-Theanine
Green-tea amino acid. Smooths caffeine without sedating.
Lactate Threshold
Two inflection points on the lactate curve. LT1 and LT2.
Lactic Threshold
The intensity where lactate starts to accumulate faster than it clears. The sweet spot for conditioning.
Lean Mass
Non-fat tissue. Muscle, bone, organ. The metabolic and longevity reserve.
Leptin
The satiety hormone. Adipose tissue's signal to the hypothalamus.
LH & FSH
Pituitary gonadotropins. The brain's signal to the gonads.
Lion's Mane
Hericium erinaceus mushroom. NGF-stimulating, with studies showing cognitive benefit.
Liraglutide
Daily-injection GLP-1 receptor agonist. The pre-semaglutide standard, still useful for slower-onset titration.
LL-37
Endogenous antimicrobial peptide. The body's broad-spectrum innate-immune defense, used investigationally for chronic infections.
Losartan
Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). Blood pressure control with metabolic and renal protection.
Low-Dose Naltrexone (LDN)
Opioid antagonist at micro doses. Off-label for autoimmunity and inflammation.
Lp(a) — Lipoprotein(a)
Genetically determined LDL-like particle. One of the strongest single genetic predictors of premature cardiovascular disease.
Lymphatic Drainage
The body's filtration and immune transport network. Moved by muscle, not the heart.
Magnesium Glycinate
The magnesium form that actually shows up where you need it. Sleep, muscle, nervous system.
Matrixyl (Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4)
Collagen synthesis signal for topical use. Anti-aging skincare workhorse.
Mechanical Tension
Tension placed on a muscle through resistance. Primary driver of hypertrophy.
Melanotan II
α-MSH analog. Tanning, plus libido side effects (the predecessor to PT-141).
Melatonin
The pineal hormone of darkness. Sleep onset, circadian timing, and a potent endogenous antioxidant.
Memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's. Off-label uses in headache and OCD.
Metabolic Flexibility
The ability to switch between burning glucose and burning fat as needed. A defining marker of metabolic health.
Metformin
First-line diabetes drug. Off-label staple of metabolic health and longevity protocols.
Methylated Multivitamin
A floor for the vitamins and minerals diet usually misses. Methylated for the ~40% with MTHFR variants.
Methylene Blue
The original synthetic drug. Mitochondrial electron carrier and nitric oxide modulator. Low-dose nootropic and metabolic tool.
MGF (Mechano Growth Factor)
IGF-1 splice variant produced by damaged muscle. Local repair signal, distinct from systemic IGF-1.
Microbiome
The trillions of microbes in the gut. Affects immunity, mood, metabolism, and inflammation.
Milk Thistle (Silymarin)
Hepatoprotective flavonoid complex. The standard botanical for liver support and detox protocols.
Minoxidil (Oral)
Vasodilator. Used at low oral doses for hair growth.
Mitochondria
The cellular power plants. Make ATP. Run signaling. Drive aging when they fail.
Mitochondrial Density
The number and quality of mitochondria within muscle and other cells.
MK-677 (Ibutamoren)
Oral ghrelin mimetic. Sustained GH/IGF-1 elevation without injection.
Mobility
Controlled range of motion. Flexibility plus stability plus strength at end-range.
Mod GRF 1-29 (CJC-1295 without DAC)
Short half-life GHRH analog. The 'pulse' partner to a GHRP — preserves natural GH rhythm.
Modafinil
Wakefulness-promoting drug. The original 'smart drug' for sleep deprivation.
MOTS-c
Mitochondrial-derived peptide. AMPK activator and metabolic flexibility agent.
mTOR
Mechanistic target of rapamycin. The central growth-vs-conservation pathway. The bull's-eye of longevity intervention.
Muscle Mass
Skeletal muscle tissue. The single most malleable longevity input.
N-Acetyl Selank
Acetylated variant of Selank with improved oral bioavailability. Anxiolytic without sedation.
N-Acetyl Semax
Acetylated Semax variant. Longer-duration nootropic with BDNF and NGF upregulation.
NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine)
Glutathione precursor. Detox, antioxidant, and respiratory support.
NAD+
Mitochondrial currency. The compound that runs underneath everything else.
NAD+/NADH Ratio
The redox indicator of cellular energy state. NAD+ is the oxidized form; NADH the reduced form.
Neuroplasticity
The brain's ability to rewire. Use-dependent throughout life.
Nitric Oxide
Vasodilator signaling molecule. Endothelium-derived; declines with age.
NK Cells (Natural Killer Cells)
Innate immune cells that kill virus-infected and cancer cells. NK activity declines with age and chronic stress.
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
NAD+ precursor. The Sinclair-popularized longevity supplement.
NR (Nicotinamide Riboside)
The other NAD+ precursor. Niagen is the commercial form.
Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)
The essential fatty acids your inflammatory and cognitive systems run on.
Oxytocin
The bonding peptide hormone. Intimacy, trust, and downstream effects on libido.
PE-22-28
Spadin-derived 7-mer. Selective TREK-1 antagonist with rapid-onset antidepressant activity in animal models.
Pinealon
Khavinson tripeptide for the pineal axis. Marketed as a cognitive bioregulator with limited Western data.
Polarized Training
80 percent Z2, 20 percent Z5. Minimize Z3 and Z4.
Polyphenols
Plant secondary metabolites with broad health effects. The 'colored compound' family — flavonoids, anthocyanins, lignans, more.
Posterior Chain
Muscles on the back of the body. Hamstrings, glutes, erectors, back.
PQQ
Pyrroloquinoline quinone. Promotes mitochondrial biogenesis (more, not just better).
Pregnenolone
The 'mother hormone.' Upstream precursor to all steroid hormones, with direct CNS effects.
Probiotic (Multi-Strain)
Live bacterial cultures for gut support. Strain specificity matters more than total CFU count.
Progesterone
The 'calming' sex steroid. GABAergic effects, sleep architecture, and cycle regulation.
Progressive Overload
Gradual increase in training stress over time.
Propranolol
Beta-blocker. Off-label for performance anxiety. Heart rate, tremor, physical anxiety symptoms.
PT-141
Bremelanotide. CNS-mediated arousal pathway, distinct from vascular agents.
Pycnogenol (Pine Bark Extract)
French maritime pine bark extract. Standardized procyanidin complex for endothelial and vascular health.
Quercetin
Flavonoid antioxidant. Antihistamine and senolytic properties.
Rapamycin (Sirolimus)
mTOR inhibitor. The most-studied longevity drug. Lifespan extension across multiple species.
REM Sleep
Rapid Eye Movement sleep. Where emotional processing, learning consolidation, and dreaming happen.
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Morning supine heart rate. A daily readout of fitness, recovery, and acute stress load.
Resveratrol
Polyphenol, sirtuin activator. The original 'longevity molecule' with controversial human benefit.
Retatrutide
Triple agonist. GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors.
Reverse T3 (rT3)
Inactive thyroid metabolite. Elevated rT3 signals 'thyroid resistance' — cells reacting to stress by blocking T3 action.
Rhodiola Rosea
Adaptogen for fatigue, mood, and stress resilience.
RIR
Reps in reserve. How many additional reps you could perform.
ROM (Range of Motion)
The arc of movement at a joint. Both training quality and what tendons and joints adapt to.
ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)
Free radicals from oxygen metabolism. Damage at chronic excess, signaling at controlled levels.
Rosuvastatin
The most potent statin per milligram (Crestor). Effective LDL reduction with longer half-life than atorvastatin.
RPE
Rate of perceived exertion. Subjective scale, typically 1 to 10.
Sarcopenia
Age-related loss of muscle mass and function. The single biggest reason resistance training is non-negotiable.
Sauna
Dry heat exposure. Trains cardiovascular reserve, raises BDNF, induces HSPs. The cleanest hormetic data of any modality.
Saw Palmetto
Serenoa repens berry extract. Mild 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor for prostate and hair-loss support.
Selank
Heptapeptide. Anxiolytic without sedation. Modulates GABA and BDNF.
Selenium
Trace mineral essential for thyroid conversion and glutathione peroxidase activity. Narrow therapeutic window.
Semaglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist. Appetite, satiety, insulin sensitivity.
Semax
Heptapeptide. BDNF and NGF agonist for focus and memory.
Senolytics
Compounds that selectively kill senescent cells. The leading edge of geroscience.
Sermorelin
The original GHRH (1-29) analog. Foundation of the modern GH-axis stack.
SHBG (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin)
The protein that binds and inactivates sex hormones. Determines free, bioavailable testosterone and estradiol.
Sildenafil (Viagra)
PDE5 inhibitor. Short-acting, on-demand erectile aid.
SIRT1 (Sirtuins)
NAD+-dependent deacetylase enzymes. Activated by caloric restriction; modulate metabolism, DNA repair, and aging.
Sleep Architecture
The structure of sleep across REM, deep, and light stages.
Sleep Latency
Time from lights-out to sleep onset. A diagnostic of sleep pressure and sleep hygiene.
Snap-8
Octapeptide successor to Argireline. Topical SNAP-25 modulator for expression-line reduction.
Spermidine
Polyamine that triggers autophagy. Cellular cleanup.
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide. Stabilizes cardiolipin and restores ATP production in damaged mitochondria.
Stem Cells
Undifferentiated cells that can self-renew and become specialized. The biological reserve pool. Declines with age.
Sulforaphane
Isothiocyanate from broccoli sprouts. The most-studied Nrf2 activator. Drives phase II detoxification.
Supercompensation
After recovery, performance temporarily exceeds the pre-stress baseline.
Tadalafil (Cialis)
The longer-acting PDE5 inhibitor. Daily low-dose has lifestyle and cardiovascular use.
Tart Cherry Extract
Anti-inflammatory and slight melatonin source. A mild sleep-and-recovery aid.
Taurine
Sulfur amino acid with calcium-modulating, GABAergic, and mitochondrial effects. One of the most under-rated cheap supplements.
TB-500
Thymosin Beta-4 fragment. Connective tissue repair and angiogenesis.
Telmisartan
ARB with PPAR-gamma activity. Blood pressure plus insulin-sensitizing effects.
Telomeres
Protective caps on chromosome ends. Shorten with cell division; below a critical length, cells senesce.
Tesamorelin
GHRH analog with strong specificity for visceral fat reduction.
Testosterone
The primary male anabolic steroid, and a critical hormone in women too. Built into bone, muscle, libido, and mood.
Thymalin
Thymic peptide bioregulator. Immune modulation and T-cell function support, especially in aging populations.
Thymosin Alpha-1
Polypeptide hormone. Immune modulation and T-cell function.
Time Under Tension (TUT)
Total seconds a muscle is loaded during a set. A driver of hypertrophy beyond sets and reps alone.
Tirzepatide
Dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist. Glycemic control and fat-mass attenuation.
Tongkat Ali
Eurycoma longifolia. Free testosterone-raising adaptogen with real human data.
TPO Antibodies
The autoimmune thyroid marker. Hashimoto's signature.
Trazodone (low-dose)
Old antidepressant; low-dose use as a non-habit-forming sleep aid.
Tretinoin
The vitamin A acid topical. The most-studied skin-aging treatment that exists.
TSH
Pituitary signal that drives thyroid output. The most-screened, most-misinterpreted thyroid lab.
TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid)
Bile acid derivative. Liver support, ER-stress mitigation, and the practical longevity-stack hepatoprotective.
Unilateral Strength
One-sided strength training. Exposes and corrects asymmetries; trains stability with strength.
Urolithin A
Postbiotic from pomegranates. Targets mitophagy: clearing damaged mitochondria.
Vagal Tone
Parasympathetic baseline. Measured via HRV. Higher = better autonomic balance and resilience.
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)
28-amino-acid neuropeptide. Anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and a key target in CIRS / chronic inflammatory response syndrome.
Visceral Fat
Fat surrounding internal organs. The metabolically active, inflammation-driving fat that matters for disease risk.
Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin)
The methylated, active form of B12. Critical for methylation, nerve function, and erythropoiesis.
Vitamin C (Liposomal)
Phospholipid-encapsulated vitamin C. Bypasses the gut saturation that limits oral dosing.
Vitamin D (25-OH-D)
The storage form of vitamin D. The right marker for vitamin D status. Optimal 50-70 ng/mL.
Vitamin D3 + K2
Minimum-effective baseline for hormone, immune, and bone health. Always paired with K2.
VO2 Max
The single best predictor of all-cause mortality past age 50. Trainable at any age.
VO2 Sub-Max
Submaximal oxygen consumption testing. A field-friendly alternative to true VO2 max testing.
Vyvanse (Lisdexamfetamine)
Prodrug amphetamine. Smoother onset and longer duration than IR amphetamine; harder to abuse.
Z2 Threshold
The aerobic intensity at which mitochondrial efficiency is maximally trainable.
Zinc Picolinate
Foundational mineral for testosterone, immunity, and androgen receptor function.
Zone 1
Recovery-pace effort. Roughly 50 to 60 percent of max heart rate.
Zone 3
Tempo. Above LT1, below LT2. Sustainable for 30 to 60 minutes.
Zone 4
Threshold. At or near lactate threshold. Sustainable 15 to 30 minutes.
Zone 5
Maximal aerobic and anaerobic. Above lactate threshold. Short intervals.